890 research outputs found
Testing Bell's Inequality with Cosmic Photons: Closing the Setting-Independence Loophole
We propose a practical scheme to use photons from causally disconnected
cosmic sources to set the detectors in an experimental test of Bell's
inequality. In current experiments, with settings determined by quantum random
number generators, only a small amount of correlation between detector settings
and local hidden variables, established less than a millisecond before each
experiment, would suffice to mimic the predictions of quantum mechanics. By
setting the detectors using pairs of quasars or patches of the cosmic microwave
background, observed violations of Bell's inequality would require any such
coordination to have existed for billions of years --- an improvement of 20
orders of magnitude.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Minor edits to closely match journal version to
be published in Physical Review Letter
The Role of Streptococcus Mutans in the Formation of Dental Caries: An Ecological Perspective
The teeth are among the most distinctive and productive features of the human species. It is the longest lasting surface of the body and can be used in research studies many years after death. Yet, in the living individual, the integrity of the teeth is constantly assaulted by a microbial challenge so great that dental caries, or decay, ranks as one of the most widespread medical afflictions. According to studies, dental caries rank third in medical costs, behind only heart disease and cancer (Loesche 1996). This review will attempt to describe what is responsible for dental caries, namely a bacterium called Streptococcus mutans. More specifically, it will concentrate on theories regarding the precise role of S. mutans and what causes it to flourish at times when bacteria associated with a healthy oral cavity cannot survive. It will further explain how after performing Pure Culture and Mixed Culture studies, the results clearly provided a theory referred to as the “ecological plaque hypothesis.” In this theory, it became clear that it was not the mere presence of S. mutans that caused dental caries, but rather it was specific environmental factors that allowed S. mutans to thrive while rendering the non-pathogenic bacterium insignificant. Based on these updated theories, scientists have been able to find preventative methods to inhibit S. mutans even in the environment that normally favors its growth
The State of Preschool 2007
Provides data on state-funded pre-K programs for the 2006-2007 school year, such as percentages of children enrolled at different ages, spending per child, and the number of quality standard benchmarks met. Includes state rankings and profiles
Astronomical random numbers for quantum foundations experiments
Photons from distant astronomical sources can be used as a classical source
of randomness to improve fundamental tests of quantum nonlocality,
wave-particle duality, and local realism through Bell's inequality and
delayed-choice quantum eraser tests inspired by Wheeler's cosmic-scale
Mach-Zehnder interferometer gedankenexperiment. Such sources of random numbers
may also be useful for information-theoretic applications such as key
distribution for quantum cryptography. Building on the design of an
"astronomical random-number generator" developed for the recent "cosmic Bell"
experiment [Handsteiner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 060401 (2017)], in this
paper we report on the design and characterization of a device that, with
20-nanosecond latency, outputs a bit based on whether the wavelength of an
incoming photon is greater than or less than 700 nm. Using the one-meter
telescope at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Table Mountain Observatory, we
generated random bits from astronomical photons in both color channels from 50
stars of varying color and magnitude, and from 12 quasars with redshifts up to
. With stars, we achieved bit rates of Hz /
m, limited by saturation for our single-photon detectors, and with quasars
of magnitudes between 12.9 and 16, we achieved rates between and Hz /m. For bright quasars, the resulting bitstreams exhibit
sufficiently low amounts of statistical predictability as quantified by the
mutual information. In addition, a sufficiently high fraction of bits generated
are of true astronomical origin in order to address both the locality and
freedom-of-choice loopholes when used to set the measurement settings in a test
of the Bell-CHSH inequality.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures. References added and minor edits to match
published versio
A True Piece of Ireland: Phoenix Park, Dublin, 1882-1916
Late nineteenth and early twentieth century Ireland contained a variety of nationalist, unionist, and working-class forces. A variety of groups interacted to create the Irish Free State that eventually emerged. This paper examines the role of Phoenix Park as a microcosm for understanding these elements. One can see the larger issues occupying Ireland playing out within this park. Symbols of imperial authority, a variety of forms of nationalist expression, and labor rallies all existed within this one space. Phoenix Park embodied this period of Irish history
An Infinite Horizon: Space, Time, & Mind in the American Imaginary from Thomas Cole to Agnes Pelton, 1825-1961
This thesis examines how artists, intellectuals, spiritual seekers, and industrialists represented the American horizon across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The purpose of this inquiry is to show how art transmuted ideological and religious beliefs across time and to demonstrate the interdependence of esoteric self-perceptions and American hegemonic power
Shifted distinct-part partition identities in arithmetic progressions
The partition function , which counts the number of partitions of a
positive integer , is widely studied. Here, we study partition functions
that count partitions of into distinct parts satisfying certain
congruence conditions. A shifted partition identity is an identity of the form
for all in some arithmetic progression. Several
identities of this type have been discovered, including two infinite families
found by Alladi. In this paper, we use the theory of modular functions to
determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for such an identity to
exist. In addition, for two specific cases, we extend Alladi's theorem to other
arithmetic progressions
Earth from Above (KSU)
This Grants Collection for Earth from Above was created under a Round Eleven ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.
Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.
Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: Linked Syllabus Initial Proposal Final Reporthttps://oer.galileo.usg.edu/geo-collections/1006/thumbnail.jp
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